Ali K, Tariq W, Maryam T, Azam AA, Sarfraz H, Hussain MA and Tariq S, 2024. Effects, responses, and management of heat stress in wheat, an overview. Trends in Animal and Plant Sciences 3: 72-80. https://doi.org/10.62324/TAPS/2024.037

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Wheat is a major cereal crop that fulfills the world's food and fiber demand. Currently, an increase in the temperature causes a drastic effect on wheat yield. The nutritional composition of the wheat grains somewhat depends on soil and climate conditions. High temperatures cause a decrease in wheat yield as heat stress severely damages the plant's physiological, morphological, and biochemical processes. Wheat production decreased by up to 6% with each 1-degree rise in temperature. Heat stress significantly affects both the vegetative and reproductive stages of plants. High temperature inhibits seed germination, loss of pollen viability, less seed setting and grain number, and also affects grain quality, which causes a reduction in yield. High temperatures trigger different mechanisms in wheat against stress, including the production of heat shock proteins, the oxidative defense mechanism, and the delay in senescence (loss of chlorophyll). This review focuses on management practices and genetic engineering techniques against heat stress in wheat plants.